[ { "statistic_id": "US-2024-ALL-HOMES", "topic": "Pool-reporting universe", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "132.54 million", "estimate_numeric": 132.54, "unit": "million occupied primary residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences represented by RECS.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Excludes vacant units, seasonal units, second homes, military housing, and group quarters.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-YES", "topic": "Pool reporting", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "9.60 million", "estimate_numeric": 9.6, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a swimming pool.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": 3.13, "ci_low": 9.0, "ci_high": 10.2, "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "Approximate 95% interval = 9.60 ± 2 × (9.60 × 0.0313).", "caveat": "This is a residence count, not a physical inventory of individual pools.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-NO", "topic": "Pool reporting", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "88.19 million", "estimate_numeric": 88.19, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Non-apartment occupied primary residences reporting no swimming pool.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-NOT-ASKED", "topic": "Pool-reporting denominator", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "34.74 million", "estimate_numeric": 34.74, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Apartment occupied primary residences not asked the swimming-pool question.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Do not recode as no pool.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-RATE-ALL", "topic": "Pool-reporting rate", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "7.24%", "estimate_numeric": 7.24, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences as a share of all occupied primary residences.", "denominator": "132.54 million occupied primary residences", "derived_rate": 7.24, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.60 ÷ 132.54 × 100", "caveat": "Includes apartment residences that were not asked in the denominator.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-RATE-ASKED", "topic": "Pool-reporting rate", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "9.82%", "estimate_numeric": 9.82, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences among non-apartment residences asked the question.", "denominator": "97.79 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 9.82, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.60 ÷ (9.60 + 88.19) × 100", "caveat": "Derived from rounded published estimates.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-SE", "topic": "Statistical uncertainty", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.30 million", "estimate_numeric": 0.30048, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Approximate standard error of the 9.60 million pool-reporting estimate.", "denominator": "9.60 million estimate", "derived_rate": 3.13, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.60 × 0.0313", "caveat": "Approximate because the displayed estimate and RSE are rounded.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HOTTUB-YES", "topic": "Pools and hot tubs", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "10.08 million", "estimate_numeric": 10.08, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Residences reporting a hot tub", "denominator": "132.54 million occupied primary residences", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Residence count, not a physical unit inventory.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HOTTUB-ZERO-MONTHS", "topic": "Pools and hot tubs", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "3.12 million (30.95%)", "estimate_numeric": 3.12, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Residences with a hot tub reporting zero months of use", "denominator": "10.08 million hot-tub-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 30.95, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "3.12 ÷ 10.08 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-HOTTUB-DIFFERENCE", "topic": "Pools and hot tubs", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.48 million", "estimate_numeric": 0.48, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Hot-tub-reporting residences minus pool-reporting residences", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": 5.0, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "(10.08 − 9.60) and 0.48 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "A comparison of residence estimates, not a count of physical products.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-USE-0-3MONTHS", "topic": "Pool use", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.71 million (17.81%)", "estimate_numeric": 1.71, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences using the pool 0–3 months during the prior 12 months.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 17.81, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.71 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-USE-4-7MONTHS", "topic": "Pool use", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "2.86 million (29.79%)", "estimate_numeric": 2.86, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences using the pool 4–7 months during the prior 12 months.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 29.79, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "2.86 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-USE-8-12MONTHS", "topic": "Pool use", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "5.03 million (52.40%)", "estimate_numeric": 5.03, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences using the pool 8–12 months during the prior 12 months.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 52.4, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "5.03 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEATED", "topic": "Pool heating", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "3.44 million (35.83%)", "estimate_numeric": 3.44, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences with a heated swimming pool.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 35.83, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "3.44 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Components may not sum exactly because EIA rounds estimates.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-UNHEATED", "topic": "Pool heating", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "6.17 million (64.27%)", "estimate_numeric": 6.17, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting residences with a unheated swimming pool.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 64.27, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "6.17 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Components may not sum exactly because EIA rounds estimates.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEAT-GAS", "topic": "Pool heating fuel", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.51 million (43.90%)", "estimate_numeric": 1.51, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences primarily using natural gas.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 43.9, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.51 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEAT-ELECTRIC", "topic": "Pool heating fuel", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.27 million (36.92%)", "estimate_numeric": 1.27, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences primarily using electricity.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 36.92, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.27 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEAT-PROPANE", "topic": "Pool heating fuel", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.28 million (8.14%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.28, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences primarily using propane.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 8.14, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.28 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEAT-OTHER", "topic": "Pool heating fuel", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.38 million (11.05%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.38, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences primarily using some other fuel or method.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 11.05, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.38 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEATED-MONTHS-0-3", "topic": "Pool heating duration", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "2.42 million (70.35%)", "estimate_numeric": 2.42, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences heating the pool for 0–3 months.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 70.35, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "2.42 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEATED-MONTHS-4-7", "topic": "Pool heating duration", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.81 million (23.55%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.81, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences heating the pool for 4–7 months.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 23.55, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.81 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HEATED-MONTHS-8-12", "topic": "Pool heating duration", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.21 million (6.10%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.21, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Heated-pool residences heating the pool for 8–12 months.", "denominator": "3.44 million heated-pool residences", "derived_rate": 6.1, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.21 ÷ 3.44 × 100", "caveat": "Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HOUSING-DETACHED", "topic": "Pool reporting by housing type", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "9.28 million (11.25%)", "estimate_numeric": 9.28, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Single-family detached occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "82.51 million single-family detached residences", "derived_rate": 11.25, "relative_standard_error": 3.15, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.28 ÷ 82.51 × 100", "caveat": "Rate is descriptive; the attached and mobile-home pool estimates have RSEs above 20%.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HOUSING-ATTACHED", "topic": "Pool reporting by housing type", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.15 million (1.73%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.15, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Single-family attached occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "8.65 million single-family attached residences", "derived_rate": 1.73, "relative_standard_error": 21.43, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.15 ÷ 8.65 × 100", "caveat": "Rate is descriptive; the attached and mobile-home pool estimates have RSEs above 20%.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-HOUSING-MOBILE", "topic": "Pool reporting by housing type", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.18 million (2.71%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.18, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Mobile home occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "6.64 million mobile home residences", "derived_rate": 2.71, "relative_standard_error": 24.61, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.18 ÷ 6.64 × 100", "caveat": "Rate is descriptive; the attached and mobile-home pool estimates have RSEs above 20%.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-DETACHED-SHARE", "topic": "Pool reporting by housing type", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "96.67%", "estimate_numeric": 96.67, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Detached single-family residences as a share of all pool-reporting occupied primary residences.", "denominator": "9.60 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 96.67, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.28 ÷ 9.60 × 100", "caveat": "Derived from rounded published estimates.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-LT10K", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.08 million (2.80% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.08, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the Less than $10,000 income band.", "denominator": "2.86 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 2.8, "relative_standard_error": 34.87, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.08 ÷ (0.08 + 2.78) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-10K-14999", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "Q — estimate withheld by EIA", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $10,000–$14,999 income band.", "denominator": "2.96 million no; 2.86 million apartment/not asked", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "EIA uses Q when the RSE exceeds 50% or the estimate is based on fewer than 10 sample households. Do not reverse-engineer a number from rounded totals.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_WITHHELD_STATUS" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-15K-29999", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.26 million (3.06% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.26, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $15,000–$29,999 income band.", "denominator": "8.50 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 3.06, "relative_standard_error": 18.55, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.26 ÷ (0.26 + 8.24) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-30K-59999", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.46 million (6.66% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 1.46, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $30,000–$59,999 income band.", "denominator": "21.92 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 6.66, "relative_standard_error": 10.23, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.46 ÷ (1.46 + 20.46) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-60K-99999", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.81 million (8.08% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 1.81, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $60,000–$99,999 income band.", "denominator": "22.40 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 8.08, "relative_standard_error": 8.07, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.81 ÷ (1.81 + 20.59) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-100K-199999", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "3.39 million (12.66% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 3.39, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $100,000–$199,999 income band.", "denominator": "26.78 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 12.66, "relative_standard_error": 5.16, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "3.39 ÷ (3.39 + 23.39) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-INCOME-200K-PLUS", "topic": "Pool reporting by household income", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "2.53 million (20.57% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 2.53, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Pool-reporting occupied primary residences in the $200,000 or more income band.", "denominator": "12.30 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 20.57, "relative_standard_error": 5.42, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.5 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.5_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "2.53 ÷ (2.53 + 9.77) × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive association; no causal claim. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-US", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "9.60 million (9.82% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 9.6, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "97.79 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 9.82, "relative_standard_error": 3.13, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "9.60 ÷ (9.60 + 88.19) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-SOUTH", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "South", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "4.44 million (11.07% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 4.44, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "40.10 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 11.07, "relative_standard_error": 4.93, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "4.44 ÷ (4.44 + 35.66) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-SA", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "South Atlantic", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "2.63 million (12.49% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 2.63, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "21.06 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 12.49, "relative_standard_error": 6.89, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "2.63 ÷ (2.63 + 18.43) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-ESC", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "East South Central", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.54 million (8.13% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.54, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "6.64 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 8.13, "relative_standard_error": 9.31, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.54 ÷ (0.54 + 6.10) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-WSC", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "West South Central", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.28 million (10.31% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 1.28, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "12.42 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 10.31, "relative_standard_error": 8.63, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.28 ÷ (1.28 + 11.14) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-WEST", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "West", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "2.26 million (10.54% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 2.26, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "21.44 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 10.54, "relative_standard_error": 6.84, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "2.26 ÷ (2.26 + 19.18) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-MOUNTAIN", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "Mountain", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.77 million (9.69% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.77, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "7.95 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 9.69, "relative_standard_error": 7.12, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.77 ÷ (0.77 + 7.18) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-MN", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "Mountain North", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.05 million (1.26% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.05, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "3.96 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 1.26, "relative_standard_error": 34.81, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.05 ÷ (0.05 + 3.91) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-MS", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "Mountain South (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico)", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.72 million (18.05% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 0.72, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "3.99 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 18.05, "relative_standard_error": 7.72, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.72 ÷ (0.72 + 3.27) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-REGION-PACIFIC", "topic": "Pool reporting by region", "geography": "Pacific", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "1.49 million (11.04% among residences asked)", "estimate_numeric": 1.49, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "13.50 million residences asked", "derived_rate": 11.04, "relative_standard_error": 9.33, "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8 and RSE table", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "1.49 ÷ (1.49 + 12.01) × 100", "caveat": "Table HC2.8 publishes South and West regions, not a complete all-region ranking. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-MS-USE-8-12", "topic": "Mountain South pool use", "geography": "Mountain South (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico)", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.65 million (90.28%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.65, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Mountain South pool-reporting residences using a pool 8–12 months.", "denominator": "0.72 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 90.28, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.65 ÷ 0.72 × 100", "caveat": "Mountain South combines three states. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-MS-UNHEATED", "topic": "Mountain South pool heating", "geography": "Mountain South (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico)", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.49 million (68.06%)", "estimate_numeric": 0.49, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Mountain South pool-reporting residences with an unheated pool.", "denominator": "0.72 million pool-reporting residences", "derived_rate": 68.06, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "0.49 ÷ 0.72 × 100", "caveat": "Mountain South combines three states. Derived percentage uses rounded inputs.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-MS-HOTTUB", "topic": "Pools and hot tubs by region", "geography": "Mountain South (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico)", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "0.56 million hot-tub-reporting residences", "estimate_numeric": 0.56, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a hot tub.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.8", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.8_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary data released March 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Within the West, Mountain South is the only published subregion in Table HC2.8 where the pool estimate exceeds the hot-tub estimate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2015-POOL-TREND", "topic": "Pool-reporting trend", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015", "estimate_display": "8.30 million; 7.02% of all homes; 9.47% among homes asked", "estimate_numeric": 8.3, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "118.20 million all; 87.60 million asked", "derived_rate": 9.47, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2015 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc2.1.php", "source_vintage": "Final; released February 2017 and revised May 2018", "calculation_note": "All-home share=8.30 ÷ 118.20; asked share=8.30 ÷ (8.30+79.30).", "caveat": "Point estimate only; no cross-cycle significance test. 2024 is preliminary.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2020-POOL-TREND", "topic": "Pool-reporting trend", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2020", "estimate_display": "8.52 million; 6.90% of all homes; 9.33% among homes asked", "estimate_numeric": 8.52, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "123.53 million all; 91.35 million asked", "derived_rate": 9.33, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2020 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%202.1.pdf", "source_vintage": "Final release March 2023", "calculation_note": "All-home share=8.52 ÷ 123.53; asked share=8.52 ÷ (8.52+82.83).", "caveat": "Point estimate only; no cross-cycle significance test. 2024 is preliminary.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2024-POOL-TREND", "topic": "Pool-reporting trend", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "9.60 million; 7.24% of all homes; 9.82% among homes asked", "estimate_numeric": 9.6, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "132.54 million all; 97.79 million asked", "derived_rate": 9.82, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_document": "2024 RECS Table HC2.1", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "Preliminary release March 2026", "calculation_note": "All-home share=9.60 ÷ 132.54; asked share=9.60 ÷ (9.60+88.19).", "caveat": "Point estimate only; no cross-cycle significance test. 2024 is preliminary.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2015-2024-CHANGE", "topic": "Pool-reporting trend", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2024", "estimate_display": "+1.30 million (+15.66%)", "estimate_numeric": 1.3, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Change in published point estimates of occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "8.30 million in 2015", "derived_rate": 15.66, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2015 and 2024 RECS HC2.1 tables", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "2015 final/revised; 2024 preliminary", "calculation_note": "9.60 − 8.30; 1.30 ÷ 8.30 × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive point-estimate comparison; no statistical-significance claim.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "US-2020-2024-CHANGE", "topic": "Pool-reporting trend", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2020–2024", "estimate_display": "+1.08 million (+12.68%)", "estimate_numeric": 1.08, "unit": "million residences", "universe": "Change in published point estimates of occupied primary residences reporting a pool.", "denominator": "8.52 million in 2020", "derived_rate": 12.68, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from U.S. EIA", "source_document": "Calculated from 2020 and 2024 RECS HC2.1 tables", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2024/hc/pdf/HC2.1_2024.pdf", "source_vintage": "2020 final; 2024 preliminary", "calculation_note": "9.60 − 8.52; 1.08 ÷ 8.52 × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive point-estimate comparison; no statistical-significance claim.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "LESLIES-2025-POOLS", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Filed December 18, 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 9.0 million", "estimate_numeric": 9.0, "unit": "million pools", "universe": "Company-estimated U.S. residential pool aftermarket", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Leslie’s, Inc.", "source_document": "Leslie’s, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended October 4, 2025", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1821806/000119312525323811/lesl-20251004.htm", "source_vintage": "Filed December 18, 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate; underlying third-party methods are not fully disclosed and Leslie’s says it has not independently verified them.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "LESLIES-2025-SPAS", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Filed December 18, 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 5.5 million", "estimate_numeric": 5.5, "unit": "million spas or hot tubs", "universe": "Company-estimated U.S. residential spa/hot-tub aftermarket", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Leslie’s, Inc.", "source_document": "Leslie’s, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended October 4, 2025", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1821806/000119312525323811/lesl-20251004.htm", "source_vintage": "Filed December 18, 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate, not a government count.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "LESLIES-2025-PRO", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Filed December 18, 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 300,000", "estimate_numeric": 300000, "unit": "pools", "universe": "Company-estimated pools managed by professional operators across hotels, motels, apartment complexes, and water parks", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Leslie’s, Inc.", "source_document": "Leslie’s, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended October 4, 2025", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1821806/000119312525323811/lesl-20251004.htm", "source_vintage": "Filed December 18, 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate; do not add to the household survey as though universes are compatible.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "LESLIES-2024-POOLS", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Fiscal 2024 filing", "estimate_display": "Approximately 8.8 million", "estimate_numeric": 8.8, "unit": "million pools", "universe": "Company-estimated U.S. residential pool aftermarket", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Leslie’s, Inc.", "source_document": "Leslie’s, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 28, 2024", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1821806/000095017024131476/lesl-20240928.htm", "source_vintage": "Fiscal 2024 filing", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "LESLIES-2023-POOLS", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Fiscal 2023 filing", "estimate_display": "Approximately 8.8 million", "estimate_numeric": 8.8, "unit": "million pools", "universe": "Company-estimated U.S. residential pool aftermarket", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Leslie’s, Inc.", "source_document": "Leslie’s, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 30, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1821806/000095017023066773/lesl-20230930.htm", "source_vintage": "Fiscal 2023 filing", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "POOLCORP-2024-BODIES", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Filed 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 11.0 million", "estimate_numeric": 11.0, "unit": "million bodies of water", "universe": "Company-described U.S. outdoor-living industry installed base", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Corporation", "source_document": "Pool Corporation Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2024", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/945841/000094584125000032/pool-20241231.htm", "source_vintage": "Filed 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "“Bodies of water” is broader than swimming pools.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "POOLCORP-2024-INGROUND", "topic": "Published estimate reconciliation", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Filed 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 5.4 million", "estimate_numeric": 5.4, "unit": "million in-ground pools", "universe": "Company-estimated U.S. in-ground swimming-pool installed base", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Corporation", "source_document": "Pool Corporation Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2024", "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/945841/000094584125000032/pool-20241231.htm", "source_vintage": "Filed 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Company market estimate; do not infer above-ground counts by subtracting from another company’s universe.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct verification of statement in SEC filing", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_COMPANY_ESTIMATE" }, { "statistic_id": "ARCHIVE-2011-RESIDENTIAL", "topic": "Archival statistics provenance", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2011", "estimate_display": "10.4 million residential pools", "estimate_numeric": 10.4, "unit": "million pools", "universe": "Residential pools as cited by an archived CDC Healthy Swimming page from P.K. Data Inc., U.S. Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Market 2011, prepared for APSP.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "P.K. Data Inc.; archived citation carried by CDC", "source_document": "U.S. Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Market 2011", "source_url": "https://cybercemetery.unt.edu/oilspill/20121017215217mp_/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming", "source_vintage": "2011 data; archived CDC page dated October 17, 2012", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "The original market report was not publicly inspectable in this verification pass. Publish only as traced archival provenance, not as a current measurement.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Provenance verified through archived CDC citation; original report unavailable", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_ARCHIVAL_PROVENANCE" }, { "statistic_id": "ARCHIVE-2011-PUBLIC", "topic": "Archival statistics provenance", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2011", "estimate_display": "309,000 public aquatic venues", "estimate_numeric": 309000, "unit": "venues", "universe": "Public aquatic venues; the cited category encompasses more than household swimming pools.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "P.K. Data Inc.; archived citation carried by CDC", "source_document": "U.S. Swimming Pool and Hot Tub Market 2011", "source_url": "https://cybercemetery.unt.edu/oilspill/20121017215217mp_/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming", "source_vintage": "2011 data; archived CDC page dated October 17, 2012", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "The original market report was not publicly inspectable in this verification pass. Publish only as traced archival provenance.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Provenance verified through archived CDC citation; original report unavailable", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_ARCHIVAL_PROVENANCE" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-FATAL-AVG", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2021–2023", "estimate_display": "Average 376 per year", "estimate_numeric": 376, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Reported fatality counts may be revised as incident reporting continues.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-UNDER5-FATAL", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2021–2023", "estimate_display": "77%", "estimate_numeric": 77, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Share of reported fatal pool/spa drownings involving children younger than five", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "CPSC release rounds this as nearly 80%.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-RESIDENTIAL", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2021–2023", "estimate_display": "71%", "estimate_numeric": 71, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Share of reported child pool/spa fatal drownings occurring in residential settings", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Residential includes the victim’s home, family/friend/acquaintance homes, and neighbors; condominium and apartment complex pools are included in public/community/business in CPSC Table 10.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-NONFATAL-AVG", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2023–2025", "estimate_display": "Average 5,900 per year", "estimate_numeric": 5900, "unit": "ED-treated nonfatal injuries per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 with pool- or spa-related nonfatal drowning injuries", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "NEISS national estimate; rounded to the nearest hundred.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-NONFATAL-UNDER5", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2023–2025", "estimate_display": "71%", "estimate_numeric": 71, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Share of estimated ED-treated child pool/spa nonfatal drowning injuries involving children younger than five", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "NEISS national estimate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-ADMITTED", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2023–2025", "estimate_display": "42%", "estimate_numeric": 42, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Share of estimated ED-treated child pool/spa nonfatal drowning victims admitted or transferred", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "NEISS national estimate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-FATAL-2023", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2023", "estimate_display": "379 in 2023", "estimate_numeric": 379, "unit": "reported fatal drownings", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Single-year count, not annual average.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-FATAL-2022", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2022", "estimate_display": "359 in 2022", "estimate_numeric": 359, "unit": "reported fatal drownings", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Latest 2026 report value; prior report editions may differ because reporting is ongoing.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-2026-POOL-SHARE-NONFATAL", "topic": "Child pool/spa drowning", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2023–2025", "estimate_display": "95%", "estimate_numeric": 95, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Share of estimated nonfatal pool/spa child drowning injuries associated with pools rather than spas", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2026 Report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "May 2026 report; release June 24, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Product association does not necessarily identify the primary cause.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-EDITION-2022", "topic": "CPSC report series", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2017–2019", "estimate_display": "Average 389 per year; 2019: 367", "estimate_numeric": 389, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion, 2022 report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/content/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2022-Report", "source_vintage": "2022 report edition", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Figures as published in the 2022 edition.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-EDITION-2023", "topic": "CPSC report series", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2018–2020", "estimate_display": "Average 371 per year; 2020: 340", "estimate_numeric": 371, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion, 2023 report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/content/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2023", "source_vintage": "2023 report edition", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Figures as published in the 2023 edition.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-EDITION-2024", "topic": "CPSC report series", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2019–2021", "estimate_display": "Average 358 per year; 2021: 380", "estimate_numeric": 358, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion, 2024 report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/content/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2024-Report", "source_vintage": "2024 report edition", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Figures as published in the 2024 edition; later editions revise some annual counts.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-EDITION-2025", "topic": "CPSC report series", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2020–2022", "estimate_display": "Average 357 per year; 2022: 345", "estimate_numeric": 357, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion, 2025 report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/content/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2025-Report", "source_vintage": "2025 report edition", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Figures as published in the 2025 edition; the 2026 report later gives 359 for 2022.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-EDITION-2026", "topic": "CPSC report series", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2021–2023", "estimate_display": "Average 376 per year; 2023: 379", "estimate_numeric": 376, "unit": "reported fatal drownings per year", "universe": "Children younger than 15 in pool- or spa-related incidents.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Pool or Spa Submersion, 2026 report", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/Pool-or-Spa-Submersion-Estimated-Nonfatal-Drowning-Injuries-and-Reported-Drownings-2026-Report.pdf", "source_vintage": "2026 report edition", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Current edition; reported fatality counts can be revised as reporting continues.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-RECALL-2025-POOLS", "topic": "Product recall", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Recall announced July 21, 2025", "estimate_display": "Approximately 5 million pools", "estimate_numeric": 5000000, "unit": "above-ground pools", "universe": "Certain Bestway, Intex, and Polygroup above-ground pools 48 inches and taller sold since 2002.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Above-ground pool recall notice", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Bestway-Intex-and-Polygroup-Recall-Certain-Above-Ground-Pools-48-Inches-and-Taller-Due-to-Drowning-Hazard-Nine-Deaths-Reported-Five-Million-Pools-Sold-Since-2002", "source_vintage": "2025 recall", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Compression straps could create a foothold.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CPSC-RECALL-2025-DEATHS", "topic": "Product recall", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Reported incidents 2007–2022", "estimate_display": "Nine reported child drowning deaths", "estimate_numeric": 9, "unit": "deaths", "universe": "Child drowning deaths associated with the recalled above-ground-pool hazard.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission", "source_document": "Above-ground pool recall notice", "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Bestway-Intex-and-Polygroup-Recall-Certain-Above-Ground-Pools-48-Inches-and-Taller-Due-to-Drowning-Hazard-Nine-Deaths-Reported-Five-Million-Pools-Sold-Since-2002", "source_vintage": "Recall announced July 21, 2025", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Victims were 22 months to three years old.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-DROWNING-2012-2021", "topic": "All-setting drowning mortality", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2012–2021", "estimate_display": "Average 4,083 per year", "estimate_numeric": 4083, "unit": "unintentional drowning deaths per year", "universe": "All ages and all settings.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Drowning Facts", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/drowning/data-research/facts/index.html", "source_vintage": "2012–2021 average", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not limited to swimming pools.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-DROWNING-2020-2022", "topic": "All-setting drowning mortality", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2020–2022", "estimate_display": "More than 4,500 per year", "estimate_numeric": 4500, "unit": "deaths per year, lower-bound display", "universe": "Unintentional drowning deaths across all ages and settings.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Vital Signs: Drowning Death Rates...", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7320e1.htm", "source_vintage": "2020–2022", "calculation_note": "CDC reports “over 4,500” rather than an exact displayed integer on the summary.", "caveat": "Not limited to swimming pools.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_LOWER_BOUND" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-CHEMICAL-ED", "topic": "Pool chemical injuries", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Current CDC summary verified 2026", "estimate_display": "About 4,500 ED visits per year", "estimate_numeric": 4500, "unit": "emergency department visits per year", "universe": "Injuries related to pool chemicals.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Pool Chemical Emergencies", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/toolkit/pool-chemical-emergencies.html", "source_vintage": "Current CDC page", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "At least one-third of injured people are younger than 18; this is not a drowning statistic.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-OUTBREAKS", "topic": "Treated recreational-water outbreaks", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2019", "estimate_display": "208 outbreaks", "estimate_numeric": 208, "unit": "outbreaks", "universe": "Voluntarily reported treated recreational-water outbreaks from 36 states and D.C.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water — United States, 2015–2019", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7020a1.htm", "source_vintage": "MMWR 2021", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not a complete national census.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-OUTBREAK-ILLNESSES", "topic": "Treated recreational-water outbreaks", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2019", "estimate_display": "At least 3,646 illnesses", "estimate_numeric": 3646, "unit": "illnesses", "universe": "Illnesses associated with 208 voluntarily reported outbreaks.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water — United States, 2015–2019", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7020a1.htm", "source_vintage": "MMWR 2021", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Minimum count from reported outbreaks.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-OUTBREAK-HOSPITALIZATIONS", "topic": "Treated recreational-water outbreaks", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2019", "estimate_display": "286 hospitalizations", "estimate_numeric": 286, "unit": "hospitalizations", "universe": "Hospitalizations associated with 208 voluntarily reported outbreaks.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water — United States, 2015–2019", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7020a1.htm", "source_vintage": "MMWR 2021", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-OUTBREAK-DEATHS", "topic": "Treated recreational-water outbreaks", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2019", "estimate_display": "13 deaths", "estimate_numeric": 13, "unit": "deaths", "universe": "Deaths associated with 208 voluntarily reported outbreaks.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water — United States, 2015–2019", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7020a1.htm", "source_vintage": "MMWR 2021", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-OUTBREAK-PUBLIC-SHARE", "topic": "Treated recreational-water outbreaks", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "2015–2019", "estimate_display": "199 of 208 outbreaks (96%)", "estimate_numeric": 199, "unit": "outbreaks", "universe": "Reported outbreaks associated with public/nonbackyard pools, hot tubs, or water playgrounds.", "denominator": "208 outbreaks", "derived_rate": 95.67, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water — United States, 2015–2019", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7020a1.htm", "source_vintage": "MMWR 2021", "calculation_note": "199 ÷ 208 × 100", "caveat": "CDC rounds to 96%; outbreak reports were voluntary.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-INSPECTIONS", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "84,187 routine inspections", "estimate_numeric": 84187, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine inspections of 48,632 public aquatic venues reported by 16 public health agencies in five states.", "denominator": "48,632 venues", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-VIOLATIONS", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "78.9% with at least one violation", "estimate_numeric": 50974, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine inspection records with violation data that identified at least one violation.", "denominator": "64,580 records", "derived_rate": 78.9, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-CLOSURES-ALL", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "12.3% resulted in immediate closure", "estimate_numeric": 8118, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine inspection records with closure data resulting in immediate closure.", "denominator": "66,098 records", "derived_rate": 12.3, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-CLOSURES-POOLS", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "11.8% of pool inspections resulted in immediate closure", "estimate_numeric": 5139, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine public-pool inspection records with closure data resulting in immediate closure.", "denominator": "43,636 records", "derived_rate": 11.8, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-CLOSURES-SPAS", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "15.1% of hot-tub/spa inspections resulted in immediate closure", "estimate_numeric": 2217, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine public hot-tub/spa inspection records with closure data resulting in immediate closure.", "denominator": "14,637 records", "derived_rate": 15.1, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CDC-CLOSURES-WADING", "topic": "Public aquatic-facility inspections", "geography": "Arizona, California, Florida, New York, and Texas", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "21.6% of wading-pool inspections resulted in immediate closure", "estimate_numeric": 205, "unit": "inspections", "universe": "Routine public wading-pool inspection records with closure data resulting in immediate closure.", "denominator": "948 records", "derived_rate": 21.6, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "source_document": "Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6505a1.htm", "source_vintage": "2013 inspection data; MMWR 2016", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not nationally representative; participating jurisdictions were selected from five states.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-DEPTH", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "18 inches or more deep", "estimate_numeric": 18, "unit": "inches", "universe": "Depth threshold in the statutory definition of a covered swimming pool or contained body of water.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Also must be wider than eight feet at any point and intended for swimming.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-WIDTH", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "Wider than eight feet", "estimate_numeric": 8, "unit": "feet", "universe": "Width threshold in the statutory definition of a covered swimming pool or contained body of water.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Also must be at least 18 inches deep and intended for swimming.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-BARRIER", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "At least five feet high", "estimate_numeric": 5, "unit": "feet", "universe": "General exterior barrier height under A.R.S. § 36-1681.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Statute applies in the circumstances it specifies and can be superseded by equal or more restrictive local requirements.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-OPENING", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "No opening through which a four-inch sphere can pass", "estimate_numeric": 4, "unit": "inches", "universe": "Maximum general opening standard in a pool barrier.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Additional horizontal-component and mesh specifications apply.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-DISTANCE", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "At least 20 inches from the water’s edge", "estimate_numeric": 20, "unit": "inches", "universe": "Minimum barrier distance from the water’s edge.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Subject to the statute and any applicable local code.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-LATCH", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "Latch at least 54 inches above underlying ground, unless a statutory alternative is used", "estimate_numeric": 54, "unit": "inches", "universe": "One allowed gate-latch configuration.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Other statutory latch configurations include a pool-side release or keyed/electric/combination security.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-LAW-EXEMPTIONS", "topic": "Arizona pool barrier statute", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current statute verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "Seven exemption categories stated in subsection C", "estimate_numeric": 7, "unit": "exemption categories", "universe": "Statutory exemptions include specified water infrastructure; agricultural structures; public/semi-public pools; pre-effective-date pools/barriers; certain preexisting or equal/more stringent local ordinances; and residences where all residents are at least six.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona State Legislature", "source_document": "A.R.S. § 36-1681", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/36/01681.htm", "source_vintage": "Current statute", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Do not reduce the exemptions to only preexisting pools or local ordinances.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-WATER-EVAP", "topic": "Arizona water use", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "2009 fact sheet, reformatted 2015", "estimate_display": "Four to six feet per year", "estimate_numeric": 5, "unit": "feet per year, midpoint stored", "universe": "Evaporation from a standard 16-by-36-foot uncovered Arizona pool.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona Department of Water Resources", "source_document": "Pools and Spas", "source_url": "https://www.azwater.gov/sites/default/files/media/Pool%26Spas_2015_1.pdf", "source_vintage": "2009 fact sheet, reformatted 2015", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Source gives a range; estimate_numeric stores the midpoint only for sorting, not as a replacement for the range.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-WATER-OUTDOOR-POOLSHARE", "topic": "Arizona water use", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "2009 fact sheet, reformatted 2015", "estimate_display": "Approximately 16% of outdoor water use", "estimate_numeric": 16, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Pool and spa share of outdoor water use stated in the ADWR fact sheet.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona Department of Water Resources", "source_document": "Pools and Spas", "source_url": "https://www.azwater.gov/sites/default/files/media/Pool%26Spas_2015_1.pdf", "source_vintage": "2009 fact sheet, reformatted 2015", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Historical agency fact sheet; retain its vintage.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-WATER-PER-CAPITA", "topic": "Arizona water use", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current page verified 2026", "estimate_display": "About 146 gallons per resident per day", "estimate_numeric": 146, "unit": "gallons per day", "universe": "Average water use per Arizona resident on ADWR’s public-resources page.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona Department of Water Resources", "source_document": "Public Conservation Resources", "source_url": "https://www.azwater.gov/conservation/public-resources", "source_vintage": "Current page verified 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Not a pool-specific measure.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "AZ-WATER-OUTDOOR", "topic": "Arizona water use", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Current page verified 2026", "estimate_display": "Up to 70% of residential municipal water used outdoors", "estimate_numeric": 70, "unit": "percent", "universe": "Outdoor share of residential municipal water use in Arizona.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Arizona Department of Water Resources", "source_document": "Public Conservation Resources", "source_url": "https://www.azwater.gov/conservation/public-resources", "source_vintage": "Current page verified 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Includes landscaping, pools, vehicle washing, and other outdoor uses.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "MARICOPA-ADVISORY-FEE", "topic": "Maricopa County aquatic program", "geography": "Maricopa County, Arizona", "reference_period": "Current page verified July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "$135 per body of water", "estimate_numeric": 135, "unit": "U.S. dollars", "universe": "Fee for a requested advisory/punch-list construction or operational inspection for public and semi-public aquatic facilities.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Maricopa County Environmental Services", "source_document": "Aquatic Health & Safety", "source_url": "https://www.maricopa.gov/2584/Public-Swimming-Pools", "source_vintage": "Current page", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Private residential pools and spas do not require county operating permits; local construction and other code requirements are separate.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2006-2025-INCIDENTS", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related incidents", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2006–2025", "estimate_display": "3,096 reported incidents", "estimate_numeric": 3096, "unit": "incidents", "universe": "Annual totals published in the Children’s Safety Zone consolidated report.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Water Related Incidents Reports 2006–2025 for Maricopa & Pinal Counties", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "Consolidated report retrieved July 27, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "All water-related incidents, not swimming-pool incidents only.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2006-2025-FATALITIES", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2006–2025", "estimate_display": "1,063 reported fatalities", "estimate_numeric": 1063, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Annual totals published in the Children’s Safety Zone consolidated report.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Water Related Incidents Reports 2006–2025 for Maricopa & Pinal Counties", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "Consolidated report retrieved July 27, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Fire-agency reports, not a death-certificate census; all water settings.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2024-FATALITIES", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2024", "estimate_display": "79 reported fatalities", "estimate_numeric": 79, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Annual total in the consolidated report.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Water Related Incidents Reports 2006–2025 for Maricopa & Pinal Counties", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "2024 closed-year value", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Highest annual total in the 2006–2025 consolidated series.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2025-FATALITIES", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2025", "estimate_display": "57 reported fatalities", "estimate_numeric": 57, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Annual total in the consolidated report and individual year-end report.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "December 31, 2025 year-end report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/December.31.2025.pdf", "source_vintage": "2025 closed-year value", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "The individual report conflicts with the consolidated file on one agency fatality cell while matching the 57 total.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2024-2025-CHANGE", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2024–2025", "estimate_display": "Down 22 deaths (27.85%)", "estimate_numeric": -22, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Change in annual reported fatalities from 2024 to 2025.", "denominator": "79 fatalities in 2024", "derived_rate": -27.85, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Calculated from closed-year annual totals", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "2006–2025 consolidated report", "calculation_note": "57 − 79; (57 − 79) ÷ 79 × 100", "caveat": "Descriptive annual change, not a trend test.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible calculation from primary-source inputs", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2014-2025-ADULTS", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities by age", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2014–2025", "estimate_display": "467 of 662 fatalities (70.54%)", "estimate_numeric": 467, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Adults age 18 and older among reported fatalities during the period with stable four-group age categories.", "denominator": "662 reported fatalities", "derived_rate": 70.54, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Compiled from annual age totals in the consolidated report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "2014–2025", "calculation_note": "467 ÷ 662 × 100", "caveat": "The source combined ages 0–5 and 6–12 before 2013; the 20-year age-share claim is not used.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible transcription and calculation from original source", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2014-2025-PEDS", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related fatalities by age", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2014–2025", "estimate_display": "162 of 662 fatalities (24.47%)", "estimate_numeric": 162, "unit": "fatalities", "universe": "Children age 0–5 among reported fatalities during the stable-category period.", "denominator": "662 reported fatalities", "derived_rate": 24.47, "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research; inputs from Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Compiled from annual age totals in the consolidated report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "2014–2025", "calculation_note": "162 ÷ 662 × 100", "caveat": "Fire-agency reports, all water settings.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Reproducible transcription and calculation from original source", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2026-YTD", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related incidents", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "January 1–July 25, 2026", "estimate_display": "94 incidents and 37 deaths", "estimate_numeric": 94, "unit": "incidents", "universe": "Current-year water-related incidents reported by participating fire agencies; 37 reported fatalities.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Current-year Maricopa and Pinal Counties report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/water-related-incident-reports/maricopa-and-pinal-counties-valley-of-the-sun/", "source_vintage": "As of July 25, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Partial-year figures are not comparable to full-year totals and are excluded from the closed-year dataset.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2026-MESA", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related incidents", "geography": "Mesa, Arizona", "reference_period": "January 1–July 25, 2026", "estimate_display": "12 incidents and 4 deaths", "estimate_numeric": 12, "unit": "incidents", "universe": "Mesa Fire & Medical Department current-year report: eight incidents involving ages 0–5, one teen incident, three adult incidents; four fatalities (one teen, three adults).", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Current-year Maricopa and Pinal Counties report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/water-related-incident-reports/maricopa-and-pinal-counties-valley-of-the-sun/", "source_vintage": "As of July 25, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Partial-year fire-agency report; all water settings.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-2026-PHOENIX", "topic": "Phoenix metro water-related incidents", "geography": "Phoenix, Arizona", "reference_period": "January 1–July 25, 2026", "estimate_display": "41 incidents and 14 deaths", "estimate_numeric": 41, "unit": "incidents", "universe": "Phoenix Fire Department current-year report.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Current-year Maricopa and Pinal Counties report", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/water-related-incident-reports/maricopa-and-pinal-counties-valley-of-the-sun/", "source_vintage": "As of July 25, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Partial-year fire-agency report; all water settings.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Direct primary-source verification", "publish_status": "PUBLISH" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-CONFLICT-2012", "topic": "Source reconciliation", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2012", "estimate_display": "2012 consolidated annual incident total is 170; component incident categories sum to 169.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "source conflict", "universe": "Conflicting or non-cross-footing source values.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Consolidated and individual year-end reports", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2006_2025_Incidents.pdf", "source_vintage": "Retrieved July 27, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Publish the source’s annual total and disclose the one-incident cross-foot discrepancy.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Conflict directly verified in original source documents", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_SOURCE_CONFLICT" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-CONFLICT-2013", "topic": "Source reconciliation", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2013", "estimate_display": "Consolidated file gives 143 incidents and 44 deaths; the individual 2013 year-end report gives 139 incidents and 43 deaths.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "source conflict", "universe": "Conflicting or non-cross-footing source values.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Consolidated and individual year-end reports", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/Water-Related-Incidents-and-Fatalities-Report-2013.pdf", "source_vintage": "Retrieved July 27, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Retain consolidated totals for the continuous 2006–2025 series and publish the conflict; do not silently reconcile.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Conflict directly verified in original source documents", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_SOURCE_CONFLICT" }, { "statistic_id": "CSZ-CONFLICT-2025-MCSO", "topic": "Source reconciliation", "geography": "Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona", "reference_period": "2025", "estimate_display": "The consolidated file shows 12 Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office incidents and zero fatalities; the individual 2025 year-end report shows 12 incidents and 11 fatalities while both sources report 57 deaths overall.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "source conflict", "universe": "Conflicting or non-cross-footing source values.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Children’s Safety Zone", "source_document": "Consolidated and individual year-end reports", "source_url": "https://childrensafetyzone.com/wp-content/uploads/December.31.2025.pdf", "source_vintage": "Retrieved July 27, 2026", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "Do not publish an aggregate agency-by-agency fatality table until each cell is reconciled against individual reports.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Conflict directly verified in original source documents", "publish_status": "PUBLISH_AS_SOURCE_CONFLICT" }, { "statistic_id": "HELD-AZ-505K", "topic": "Figures not published as facts", "geography": "Arizona", "reference_period": "Verification pass July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "Arizona has approximately 505,000 pools.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "not published", "universe": "Claim encountered during source tracing.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research", "source_document": "Source-tracing record", "source_url": "", "source_vintage": "2026-07-27", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "No current primary-source or reproducible official state count was identified; the circulating state table disclaims its own accuracy.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Publication decision documented", "publish_status": "NOT_PUBLISHED_AS_FACT" }, { "statistic_id": "HELD-US-27.1M", "topic": "Figures not published as facts", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Verification pass July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "The United States has 27.1 million swimming pools.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "not published", "universe": "Claim encountered during source tracing.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research", "source_document": "Source-tracing record", "source_url": "", "source_vintage": "2026-07-27", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "No source was provided on the page carrying the claim and it conflicts with every defined primary or SEC-filed universe reviewed.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Publication decision documented", "publish_status": "NOT_PUBLISHED_AS_FACT" }, { "statistic_id": "HELD-US-14.1M", "topic": "Figures not published as facts", "geography": "United States", "reference_period": "Verification pass July 27, 2026", "estimate_display": "The United States has 14.1 million swimming pools.", "estimate_numeric": "", "unit": "not published", "universe": "Claim encountered during source tracing.", "denominator": "", "derived_rate": "", "relative_standard_error": "", "ci_low": "", "ci_high": "", "source_organization": "Pool Removal Mesa Research", "source_document": "Source-tracing record", "source_url": "", "source_vintage": "2026-07-27", "calculation_note": "", "caveat": "The total is produced by combining pools, spas/hot tubs, and professional/commercial categories that are not equivalent and may overlap.", "verification_date": "2026-07-27", "verification_tier": "★ Publication decision documented", "publish_status": "NOT_PUBLISHED_AS_FACT" } ]